DNA testing

If a recognised laboratory does not submit results to us for a DNA test that we already record, then you can submit them yourself by scanning and emailing them to The Kennel Club health team.

What we require on the results certificate

Please note that we require at least two forms of identification on the result certificate. These must include the dog's microchip or tattoo number along with either the dog's registered name or their registered number. We do not accept DNA test result certificates that are missing these details.

Acral Mutilation Syndrome (AMS)

• Carriers
• Clears

Collie Eye Anomaly/Choroidal Hypoplasia (CEA/CH)

• Clears
• Carriers
• Affected

Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (CL)

• Clears

Exercise Induced Collapse (EIC)

• Clears
• Carriers
• Affected

Familial Nephropathy (FN)

• Clears

Fucosidosis (Fuco)

• Clears

Hereditary Cataract (HC-HSF4) 

• Clears

Hereditary Nasal Parakeratosis (HNPK)

• Clears
• Carriers
• Affected 

Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome (IGS)

• Clears
• Carriers

Multi-drug resistance (MDR1)

• Clears
• Carriers
• Affected 

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (prcd-PRA)

• Clears
• Carriers

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA cord1)

• Clears

Sensory Neuropathy (SN)

• Clears 
• Carriers

Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS)

• Clears
• Carriers

• Autosomal-recessive conditions
  Most DNA tests we record are for autosomal recessive conditions
• Autosomal-dominant conditions
  Currently these sorts of tests are only recorded by us for HC-HSF4 in the Australian Shepherd and PHPT
• Linkage tests
  Currently these sorts of tests are only recorded by us for CA. We also record results for a linkage test that can be used instead of the standard DNA test for CEA/CH and prcd/PRA
• Risk-based DNA tests (incomplete penetrance)
  Currently these sorts of tests are only recorded by us for DM, JADD and PDE

If you would like to check what sort of test is used for a breed-specific DNA test, please refer to our questions and answers below.

Tested dogs will be recorded on The Kennel Club's systems as “clear”, “carrier” or “affected”.

• Clear - these dogs do not have any copies of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs are highly unlikely to develop this condition and will pass on a normal copy of the gene to their puppies

• Carrier - these dogs have one copy of the normal gene and one copy of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs are highly unlikely to develop this condition and may pass either one copy of the normal gene, or one copy of the abnormal gene on to their puppies

• Affected - these dogs have two copies of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs will likely be affected by the disorder and will pass on one copy of the abnormal gene on to any future puppies

The table below provides guidance on breeding from your DNA-tested dog.

If your dog is clear

Clear dogs can be mated to any dogs without producing affected puppies. If they are bred with a carrier or affected dog they may produce carrier puppies.

If your dog is a carrier

Carrier dogs can be used for mating, so long as they are only mated to clear dogs. Mating a carrier to a carrier, or a carrier to an affected dog is putting the health of future puppies at risk.

If your dog is affected

Affected dogs can only be mated to clear dogs without risking producing affected puppies, however all resulting puppies will be carriers. Mating an affected dog to a carrier, or another affected dog is putting the health of future puppies at risk.

Producing affected puppies that will develop the condition you tested for will have a serious impact on their health and welfare. A mating which may produce affected puppies should never knowingly be carried out. If this mating accidentally occurs, it is important to test all of the puppies before they are bred from or are passed on to new homes. Veterinary advice should be sought as to the clinical management of any affected puppies.

Breeding only from clear dogs can have a significant impact on genetic diversity within a breed, increasing inbreeding and therefore the likelihood of new inherited diseases emerging.

• With simple autosomal-recessive disorders, a carrier will not be affected by the condition you have tested for, but they could pass on a copy of the faulty gene if they themselves are bred from
• Only when a dog inherits two copies of a faulty gene (one from its mother and one from its father) will it be affected
• When used responsibly, carriers are an important part of any breeding plan and should not be overlooked
• By breeding from carriers, you can keep good, healthy dogs in the breeding population, helping to maintain genetic diversity
• Ultimately, however, over the course of a few generations it would be beneficial to aim to produce only clear puppies, thereby reducing the frequency of the disease-causing variant of the gene in the breed

Similarly an affected dog could still be used in a breeding programme, but this will very much be dependent on the condition and whether the dog's welfare would be affected by the mating/whelping process. They should only be mated to clear dogs, to ensure no affected puppies are produced.

Clear dogs are only known to be clear for the condition that they have been tested for, and may carry other unknown mutations which can be passed on to their offspring - it is almost certain that all individuals carry some versions of genes that if inherited in duplicate would result in disease. If a particular dog has many offspring that go on to breed themselves, these unknown mutations may then increase in frequency in the breed and a new inherited disease could emerge. In other words, no dog is completely risk free, but there are ways a breeder can reduce the risk of known and unknown inherited disease. 

Sticking to these rules will mean that you can still use these dogs for breeding, while maintaining genetic diversity within the breed.

• Never overuse a carrier or affected dog for mating. If a dog has one or two copies of a known faulty gene it should never be overused for breeding. Overusing these dog’s risks increasing the frequency of the faulty gene within the population, making it more difficult for future generations to breed without increasing the risk of producing affected dogs
• Do your research. If all breeders decided to use carriers or affected dogs for mating, then there is a possibility that as the frequency of mutant genes increases, then the proportion of 'clear' dogs would decline. You can use carriers and affected, but you always want to make sure you have a big enough supply of clear dogs. You may wish to talk to health representatives at your local breed club who will have access to summary information on the results of dogs that have been DNA tested and can advise you appropriately on the current situation in your breed
• Any possible carrier puppies that go on to be bred from should be DNA tested prior to mating. If you do decide to produce puppies that are potentially carriers, but are concerned that they may be used by their new owners for breeding, then you may wish to consider placing an endorsement on the puppy, or include a statement in your puppy contract that any puppies used for breeding must be tested prior to mating and if the puppy is a carrier, it must only be mated to a clear dog

Tested dogs will be recorded on The Kennel Club's systems as “clear”, “heterozygous affected” or “homozygous affected”.

• Clear - these dogs do not have any copies of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs are highly unlikely to develop this condition and will pass on a normal copy of the gene to their puppies

• Heterozygous affected - these dogs have one copy of the normal gene and one copy of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs will likely be affected by the disorder and could pass on a copy of the abnormal gene on to any future puppies

• Homozygous affected - these dogs dogs have two copies of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs will likely be affected by the disorder and will pass on one copy of the abnormal gene on to any future puppies

The information below provides guidance on breeding from your DNA-tested dog.

If your dog is clear

Clear dogs can be mated to any other clear dog without producing affected puppies. If they are mated to an heterozygous or homozygous affected dog they can produce puppies that are affected too.

• Mating to a clear dog: all puppies will be clear
• Mating to a heterozygous-affected dog: each puppy has a 50% chance of being clear and a 50% of being heterozygous affected
• Mating to a homozygous-affected dog: all puppies will be heterozygous affected

If your dog is heterozygous affected

Breeding from this dog could produce affected puppies and is potentially putting their health at risk.

• Mating to a clear dog: each puppy has a 50% chance of being clear and a 50% of being heterozygous affected
• Mating to a heterozygous-affected dog: each puppy has a 25% of being clear a 25% chance of being homozygous affected and a 50% chance of being heterozygous affected
• Mating to a homozygous-affected dog: each puppy has a 50% chance of being homozygous affected and a 50% chance of being heterozygous affected

If your dog is homozygous affected

Breeding from this dog has a high risk of producing affected puppies and is potentially putting their health at risk.

• Mating to a clear dog: all puppies will be heterozygous affected
• Mating to a heterozygous-affected dog: each puppy has a 50% chance of being homozygous affected and a 50% chance of being heterozygous affected
• Mating to a homozygous-affected dog: all puppies will be homozygous affected 

Potentially producing affected puppies that may develop the condition you have tested will have a serious impact on canine health and welfare. Matings which could produce affected puppies should never knowingly be carried out. If this mating accidentally occurs, it is important to test all of the puppies before they are bred from or are passed on to new homes. Veterinary advice should be sought as to the clinical management of any affected puppies.

Most DNA tests look for a particular gene that is known to cause a particular condition. Sometimes scientists are unable to find the exact gene, but are able to know approximately where in a dog’s genome it is located. Genes and other genetic markers are often inherited together because they are near one another on the same chromosome. While it may be difficult to identify the exact gene causing a condition, scientists are sometimes able to find sections of DNA that are usually linked to, and inherited alongside, the unknown gene. By identifying these linked genetic markers, breeders are able to know, with considerable confidence, the genetic status of their dogs.

These DNA tests may not be quite as accurate as tests where the gene is known – they rely on the link between the marker and the disease causing gene being maintained - but can still be highly accurate and laboratories will often estimate how accurate their test is.

Laboratories may offer linkage tests for three main reasons:

1. Sometimes scientists are unable to find the exact gene that causes a disease, but they are able to find sections of DNA that are somehow linked to, and inherited alongside it
2. It may be technically difficult to find the mutation and it may be easier and cheaper to look at and determine linked markers instead
3. The test for a particular genetic mutation is patented by a specific laboratory and may not allow others to offer this test, or may ask that they pay to offer it. In these circumstances, some laboratories may create a linkage test so that they can offer the test to their clients

Health conditions which have a linkage test will still be either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Currently we only accept results for autosomal-recessive conditions and so the information below relates to these only.

Breeders should be aware that linkage tests are not always 100% accurate and may not be definitive.

Tested dogs will be recorded on The Kennel Club's systems as “clear”, “carrier” or “affected”.

• Clear - these dogs do not have any copies of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs are highly unlikely to develop this condition and will pass on a normal copy of the gene to their puppies

• Carrier - these dogs have one copy of the normal gene and one copy of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs are highly unlikely to develop this condition and may pass either one copy of the normal gene, or one copy of the abnormal gene on to their puppies

• Affected - these dogs dogs have two copies of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs will likely be affected by the disorder and will pass on one copy of the abnormal gene on to any future puppies

The table below provides guidance on breeding from your DNA-tested dog.

If your dog is clear

Clear dogs can be mated to any dogs without knowingly increasing the risk of producing affected puppies. They can produce puppies that are carriers if they are bred with a carrier or affected dog.

If your dog is a carrier

Carrier dogs can be used for mating, so long as they are only mated to clear dogs. Mating a carrier to a carrier, or a carrier to an affected dog is putting the health of future puppies at risk.

If your dog is affected

Affected dogs can only be mated to clear dogs without risking producing affected puppies, however all resulting puppies will be carriers. Mating an affected dog to a carrier, or another affected dog is putting the health of future puppies at risk.

Producing affected puppies that will develop the condition you tested for will have a serious impact on their health and welfare. A mating which may produce affected puppies should never knowingly be carried out. If this mating accidentally occurs, it is important to test all of the puppies before they are bred from or are passed on to new homes. Veterinary advice should be sought as to the clinical management of any affected puppies.

Breeding only from clear dogs can have a significant impact on genetic diversity within a breed, increasing inbreeding and therefore the likelihood of new inherited diseases emerging.

• With simple autosomal-recessive disorders, a carrier will not be affected by the condition you have tested for, but they could pass on a copy of the faulty gene if they themselves are bred from
• Only when a dog inherits two copies of a faulty gene (one from its mother and one from its father) will it be affected
• When used responsibly, carriers are an important part of any breeding plan and should not be overlooked
• By breeding from carriers, you can keep good, healthy dogs in the breeding population, helping to maintain genetic diversity
• Ultimately, however, over the course of a few generations it would be beneficial to aim to produce only clear puppies, thereby reducing the frequency of the disease-causing variant of the gene in the breed

Similarly an affected dog could still be used in a breeding programme, but this will very much be dependent on the condition and whether the dog's welfare would be affected by the mating/whelping process. They should only be mated to clear dogs, to ensure no affected puppies are produced.

Clear dogs are only known to be clear for the condition that they have been tested for, and may carry other unknown mutations which can be passed on to their offspring - it is almost certain that all individuals carry some versions of genes that if inherited in duplicate would result in disease. If a particular dog has many offspring that go on to breed themselves, these unknown mutations may then increase in frequency in the breed and a new inherited disease could emerge. In other words, no dog is completely risk free, but there are ways a breeder can reduce the risk of known and unknown inherited disease. 

Sticking to these rules will mean that you can still use these dogs for breeding, while maintaining genetic diversity within the breed.

• Never overuse a carrier or affected dog for mating. If a dog has one or two copies of a known faulty gene it should never be overused for breeding. Overusing these dog’s risks increasing the frequency of the faulty gene within the population, making it more difficult for future generations to breed without increasing the risk of producing affected dogs
• Do your research. If all breeders decided to use carriers or affected dogs for mating, then there is a possibility that as the frequency of mutant genes increases, then the proportion of 'clear' dogs would decline. You can use carriers and affected, but you always want to make sure you have a big enough supply of clear dogs. You may wish to talk to health representatives at your local breed club who will have access to summary information on the results of dogs that have been DNA tested and can advise you appropriately on the current situation in your breed
• Any possible carrier puppies that go on to be bred from should be DNA tested prior to mating. If you do decide to produce puppies that are potentially carriers, but are concerned that they may be used by their new owners for breeding, then you may wish to consider placing an endorsement on the puppy, or include a statement in your puppy contract that any puppies used for breeding must be tested prior to mating and if the puppy is a carrier, it must only be mated to a clear dog

Most DNA tests look for a particular gene that is known to cause a particular condition. For some conditions, certain environmental factors, or other genetic influences can also contribute to whether a dog becomes affected. Having copies of the disease-causing genes will therefore not be a guarantee that the condition will occur. Similarly an absence of these genes will not be a guarantee that the condition will not occur.

These risk-based tests are sometimes not quite as accurate as other DNA tests, but can still be highly accurate and laboratories will often estimate how accurate their test is.

Health conditions which have a risk-based DNA test will still be either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Currently we only accept results for autosomal-recessive conditions and so the information below relates to these only.

Tested dogs will be recorded on The Kennel Club's systems as at “minimal risk (0)”, “minimal risk (1)” or “increased risk (2)”. The numbers assigned to each status indicate the number of copies of the DM gene variant a dog has.

• Minimal risk (0) - these dogs do not have any copies of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs are at significantly reduced risk of developing the condition
• Minimal risk (1) - these dogs have one normal copy and one abnormal copy of the gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs are at reduced risk of developing the condition and may pass either one copy of the normal gene, or one copy of the abnormal gene on to future puppies
• Increased risk (2) - these dogs have two copies of the abnormal gene associated with the condition that has been tested for. These dogs have an increased risk of developing the condition

These dogs can be mated to any dogs without increasing the risk of the puppies developing the condition tested for. Your chosen mate should always be tested and your decision should be informed by their results.

Minimal risk (0) x minimal risk (0)

Each puppy born has a:

• 100% chance of having a minimal risk (0) status
• 0% chance of having a minimal risk (1) status 
• 0% chance of having an increased risk (2) status

This means that each puppy born will have the lowest chance of developing the condition and will not carry a copy of the gene variant tested for.

Minimal risk (0) x minimal risk (1)

Each puppy born has a:

• 50% chance of having a minimal risk (0) status
• 50% chance of having a minimal risk (1) status
• 0% chance of having an increased risk (2) status 

This means that each puppy born will have the lowest chance of developing the condition, but will have a 50% chance of carrying a copy of the gene variant tested for. Dogs that are born minimal risk (1) could pass this gene variant on to any possible future puppies.

Minimal risk (0) x increased risk (2)

Each puppy born has a:

• 0% chance of having a minimal risk (0) status
• 100% chance of having a minimal risk (1) status
• 0% chance of having an increased risk (2) status 

This means that each puppy born will have the lowest chance of developing the condition, but will carry a copy of the gene variant tested for and could pass this gene variant on to any possible future puppies they have.

These dogs can be used for mating, but your chosen mate should always be tested and your decision should be informed by their results.

Minimal risk (1) x minimal risk (0)

Each puppy born has a:

• 50% chance of having a minimal risk (0) status
• 50% chance of having a minimal risk (1) status 
• 0% chance of having an increased risk (2) status

This means that each puppy born will have the lowest chance of developing the condition and a 50% chance of carrying a copy of the gene variant tested for. Dogs that are born minimal risk (1) could pass this gene variant on to any possible future puppies.

Minimal risk (1) x minimal risk (1)

Each puppy born has a:

• 25% chance of having a minimal risk (0) status
• 50% chance of having a minimal risk (1)
• 25% chance of having an increased risk (2) status 

This means that each puppy born has a 25% chance of possibly being affected by the condition.

Each puppy will also have a 75% chance of carrying at least one copy of the gene variant tested for. Dogs that are minimal risk (1) could pass this gene variant on to any possible future puppies, while dogs that are increased risk (2) will pass this gene variant on to any future puppies.

Minimal risk (1) x increased risk (2)

Each puppy born has a:

• 0% chance of having a minimal risk (0) status
• 50% chance of having a minimal risk (1)
• 50% chance of having an increased risk (2) status 

This means that each puppy born has a 50% chance of possibly being affected by the condition.

Each puppy will also carry at least one copy of the gene variant. Dogs that are born minimal risk (1) could pass this gene variant on to any possible future puppies, while dogs that are born increased risk (2) will pass this gene variant on to any future puppies.

These dogs can be used for mating, but your chosen mate should always be tested and your decision should be informed by their results.

Increased risk (2) x minimal risk (0)

Each puppy born has a:

• 0% chance of having a minimal risk (0) status
• 100% chance of having a minimal risk (1) status 
• 0% chance of having an increased risk (2) status

This means that each puppy born will have the lowest chance of developing the condition, but will carry a copy of the gene variant and could pass this gene variant on to any possible future puppies they have.

Increased risk (2) x minimal risk (1)

Each puppy born has a:

• 0% chance of having a minimal risk (0) status
• 50% chance of having a minimal risk (1)
• 50% chance of having an increased risk (2) status 

This means that each puppy born has a 50% chance of possibly being affected by the condition.

Each puppy will carry at least one copy of the gene variant tested for. Dogs that are born minimal risk (1) could pass this gene variant on to any possible future puppies, while dogs that are born increased risk (2) will pass this gene variant on to any future puppies.

Increased risk (2) x increased risk (2)

Each puppy born has a:

• 0% chance of having a minimal risk (0) status
• 0% chance of having a minimal risk (1)
• 100% chance of having an increased risk (2) status 

This means that each puppy born has a 100% chance of possibly being affected by the condition.

Each puppy will carry two copies of the DM risk gene variant and will pass one of these on to any future puppies.

A mating which may produce affected puppies could have a serious impact on their welfare. If this mating occurs, it is important to test all of the puppies before they are bred from or are passed on to new homes. Veterinary advice should be sought as to the clinical management of any affected puppies.

Breeding only from clear dogs can have a significant impact on genetic diversity within a breed, increasing inbreeding and therefore the likelihood of new inherited diseases emerging.

• With simple autosomal-recessive disorders, a carrier will not be affected by the condition you have tested for, but they could pass on a copy of the faulty gene if they themselves are bred from
• Only when a dog inherits two copies of a faulty gene (one from its mother and one from its father) will they be at increased risk
• When used responsibly, carriers are an important part of any breeding plan and should not be overlooked
• By breeding from carriers, you can keep good, healthy dogs in the breeding population, helping to maintain genetic diversity
• Ultimately, however, over the course of a few generations it would be beneficial to aim to produce only clear puppies, thereby reducing the frequency of the disease causing variant of the gene in the breed

Similarly an affected dog could still be used in a breeding programme, but this will very much be dependent on the condition and whether the dog's welfare would be affected by the mating/whelping process. They should only be mated to clear dogs, to ensure no affected puppies are produced.

Clear dogs are only known to be clear for the condition that they have been tested for, and may carry other unknown mutations which can be passed on to their offspring - it is almost certain that all individuals carry some versions of genes that if inherited in duplicate, would result in disease. If a particular dog has many offspring that go on to breed themselves, these unknown mutations may then increase in frequency in the breed and a new inherited disease could emerge. In other words, no dog is completely risk free, but there are ways a breeder can reduce the risk of known and unknown inherited disease.

Sticking to these rules will mean that you can still use these dogs for breeding, while maintaining genetic diversity within the breed.

• Never overuse a carrier or affected dog for mating. If a dog has one or two copies of a known faulty gene it should never be overused for breeding. Overusing these dogs risks increasing the frequency of the faulty gene within the population, making it more difficult for future generations to breed without increasing the risk of producing affected dogs
• Do your research. If all breeders decided to use carriers or affected dogs for mating, then there is a possibility that as the frequency of mutant genes increases, then the proportion of 'clear' dogs would decline. You can use carriers and affected, but you always want to make sure you have a big enough supply of clear dogs. You may wish to talk to health representatives at your local breed club who will have access to summary information on the results of dogs that have been DNA tested and can advise you appropriately on the current situation in your breed
• Any possible carrier puppies that go on to be bred from should be DNA tested prior to mating. If you do decide to produce puppies that are potential carriers, but are concerned that they may be used by their new owners for breeding, then you may wish to consider placing an endorsement on the puppy, or include a statement in your puppy contract that any puppies used for breeding must be tested prior to mating and if the puppy is a carrier, it must only be mated to a clear dog

DNA test	Mode of inheritance	Breeds
AI/FEH (Amelogenesis Imperfecta/Familial Enamel Hypoplasia)	Autosomal recessive	Japanese Akita Inu
AMPN (Alaskan Malamute polyneuropathy)	Autosomal recessive	Alaskan Malamute
AMS (Acral mutilation syndrome)	Autosomal recessive	Cocker Spaniel English Springer Spaniel
AON (Adult onset neuropathy)	Autosomal recessive	Cocker Spaniel
BBS2-PRA (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Shetland Sheepdog
CA (Cerebellar ataxia)	Autosomal recessive (linkage test)	Italian Spinone
CC/DE (Curly coat/Dry eye)	Autosomal recessive	Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
CDSL (Chondrodysplasia)	Autosomal recessive	Norwegian Elkhound
CEA/CH (Collie eye anomaly/Choroidal hypoplasia)	Autosomal recessive	Australian Shepherd Bearded Collie Border Collie Lancashire Heeler Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Rough Collie Shetland Sheepdog Smooth Collie
CHG (Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter)	Autosomal recessive	Spanish Water Dog
CLAD (Canine leucocyte adhesion deficiency)	Autosomal recessive	Irish Red and White Setter Irish Setter
CNGA1-PRA (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Shetland Sheepdog
CNM (Centronuclear myopathy)	Autosomal recessive	Labrador Retriever
COMMD1 (Copper toxicosis)	Autosomal recessive	Bedlington Terrier
Cone degeneration	Autosomal recessive	Alaskan Malamute
Copper toxicosis	Autosomal recessive (linkage test)	Bedlington Terrier
CSNB (Congenital stationary night blindness)	Autosomal recessive	Briard
CU (Cystinuria)	Autosomal recessive	Newfoundland
DCM (Dilated cardiomyopathy)	Autosomal recessive	Giant Schnauzer Schnauzer
DE (Degenerative encephalopathy)	Autosomal recessive	Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
DM (Degenerative myelopathy)	Autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance (risk based DNA test)	Chesapeake Bay Retriever French Bulldog Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Rough Collie Smooth Collie
DP-LHX3 (pituitary dwarfism)	Autosomal recessive	Tibetan Terrier
EF (Episodic falling)	Autosomal recessive	Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
EIC (Exercise-induced collapse)	Autosomal recessive	Clumber Spaniel Labrador Retriever  Smooth Collie
ENM (Hereditary necrotising myelopathy)	Autosomal recessive	Kooikerhondje
FN (Familial nephropathy)	Autosomal recessive	Cocker Spaniel
Fuco. (Fucosidosis)	Autosomal recessive	English Springer Spaniel
FVIID (Factor VII deficiency)	Autosomal recessive	Beagle
FVIIID (Haemophilia A/Factor VIII deficiency)	Autosomal recessive	German Shepherd Dog
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia	Autosomal recessive	Otterhound
GM1 (Gangliosidosis)	Autosomal recessive	Portuguese Water Dog
GN (Greyhound neuropathy)	Autosomal recessive	Greyhound
Gonio (Severe goniodysgenesis and glaucoma risk)	Autosomal recessive	Border Collie
GR-PRA1 (Golden Retriever progressive retinal atrophy 1)	Autosomal recessive	Golden Retriever
GR-PRA2 (Golden Retriever progressive retinal atrophy 2)	Autosomal recessive	Golden Retriever
GSDII (Glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease))	Autosomal recessive	Finnish Lapphund
HC-HSF4 (Hereditary cataracts)	Autosomal recessive/ Autosomal dominant	Australian Shepherd Boston Terrier French Bulldog Staffordshire Bull Terrier
HCA (Hereditary cerebellar ataxia)	Autosomal recessive	Norwegian Buhund
HFH (Hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis)	Autosomal recessive	Irish Terrier
HNPK (Hereditary nasal parakeratosis)	Autosomal recessive	Labrador Retriever
HUU (Hyperuricosuria)	Autosomal recessive	Bulldog Dalmatian Hungarian Wire Haire Vizsla Large Munsterlander Russian Black Terrier
ICT-A (Ichthyosis)	Autosomal recessive	Golden Retriever
IGS (Imerslun-Gräsbeck syndrome/Cobalamin malabsorption)	Autosomal recessive	Beagle  Border Collie
IMGD (Inherited myopathy of Great Danes)	Autosomal recessive	Great Dane
JADD (Juvenile Addison’s disease)	Autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance (risk based DNA test)	Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
JE (Juvenile epilepsy)	Autosomal recessive	Lagotto Romagnolo
JLPP (Juvenile laryngeal paralysis & Polyneuropathy)	Autosomal recessive	Rottweiler Russian Black Terrier
JME (Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy)	Autosomal recessive	Rhodesian Ridgeback
L-2HGA (L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria)	Autosomal recessive	Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Lafora's disease	Autosomal recessive	Beagle  Dachshund (Miniature Wire Haired)
LEMP (Leukoencephalomyelopathy)	Autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance	Leonberger
LEMP-2 (Leukoencephalomyelopathy)	Autosomal recessive	Rottweiler
LOA (Late onset ataxia)	Autosomal recessive	Jack Russell Terrier Parsons Russell Terrier
LPN1 (Leonberger polyneuropathy)	Autosomal recessive	Leonberger
LPN2 (Leonberger polyneuropathy)	Autosomal dominant	Leonberger
LSD (Lysosomal storage disease)	Autosomal recessive	Lagotto Romagnolo
MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex)	Autosomal recessive	Miniature Schnauzer
MCD (Macular corneal dystrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Labrador Retriever
MDR1 (Multiple drug sensitivity)	Autosomal recessive	Australian Shepherd Border Collie  Old English Sheepdog Rough Collie Shetland Sheepdog Smooth Collie
MLS (Musladin-Leuke syndrome)	Autosomal recessive	Beagle
MPSIIIB (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB)	Autosomal recessive	Schipperke
NAD (Neuroaxonal dystrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Papillon Spanish Water Dog
NCCD (Neonatal cerebellar cortical degeneration)	Autosomal recessive	Beagle
NCL5 (Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis)	Autosomal recessive	Border Collie
NCL8 (Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis)	Autosomal recessive	English Setter
NCL12 (Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis)	Autosomal recessive	Tibetan Terrier
OC (Osteochondrodysplasia)	Autosomal recessive	Miniature Poodle
Pap-PRA1 (Progressive retinal atrophy - Papillons)	Autosomal recessive	Papillon
PCD (Primary ciliary syskinesia)	Autosomal recessive	Old English Sheepdog
PDE (Pug Dog Encephalitis)	Autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance (Risk Based DNA test)	Pug
PDP-1 (Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate 1 deficiency)	Autosomal recessive	Clumber Spaniel Smooth Collie
PFK (Phosphofructokinase deficiency)	Autosomal recessive	American Cocker English Springer Spaniel
PHPT (Primary hyperparathyroidism)	Autosomal dominant	Keeshond
PLL (Primary lens luxation)	Autosomal recessive	Australian Cattle Dog Bull Terrier Bull Terrier (miniature) Chinese Crested Jack Russell Terrier Lancashire Heeler Parsons Russell Terrier Sealyham Terrier Tibetan Terrier Welsh Terrier
POAG (Primary open angel glaucoma)	Autosomal recessive	Basset Hound Norwegian Elkhound Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen Shar Pei
POAG/PLL (Primary open angle glaucoma / Primary lens luxation)	Autosomal recessive	Shar Pei
PRA (cord1) (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Dachshund (Miniature Long Haired) Dachshund (Miniature Smooth Haired) Dachshund (Miniature Wire Haired) English Springer Spaniel
PRA (crd3) (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Glen of Imall Terrier
PRA (rcd1) (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Irish Setter
PRA (rcd2) (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Rough Collie Smooth Collie
PRA (rcd3) (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Welsh Cardigan Corgi
PRA (rcd4) (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	English Setter Gordon Setter Irish Setter Standard Poodle Tibetan Terrier
PRA3 (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Tibetan Spaniel Tibetan Terrier
PRA4 (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Lhasa Apso
PRA5 (Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	Giant Schnauzer
prcd-PRA (Progressive rod cone degeneration - Progressive retinal atrophy)	Autosomal recessive	American Cocker Spaniel Australian Cattle Dog Australian Shepherd Barbet Chesapeake Bay Retriever Chinese Crested Cocker Spaniel Entlebucher Mountain Dog Finnish Lapphund Giant Schnauzer Labrador Retriever Norwegian Elkhound Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Poodle (Miniature) Poodle (Standard) Poodle (Toy) Portuguese Water Dog Spanish Water Dog
Raine's synd	Autosomal recessive	Border Collie
Retinopathy	Autosomal recessive	Swedish Vallhund
Sal-NCL (Saluki Neruronal ceroid lipofuscinosis)	Autosomal recessive	Saluki
SCA (Spinocerebellar ataxia)	Autosomal recessive	Jack Russell Terrier Parsons Russell Terrier
SD2 (Skeletal dysplasia 2)	Autosomal recessive	Labrador Retriever
SLEM (Spongiform leuco-encephalo-myelopathy)	Autosomal recessive	Border Terrier
SN (Sensory neuropathy)	Autosomal recessive	Border Collie
STGD (Stargardt disease)	Autosomal recessive	Labrador Retriever
TNS (Trapped neutrophil syndrome)	Autosomal recessive	Border Collie
vWD type I (von Willebrand disease)	Autosomal recessive	Dobermann Manchester Terrier Papillon Poodle (Standard)
vWD type II (von Willebrand disease)	Autosomal recessive	German Wirehaired Pointer
vWD type III (von Willebrand disease)	Autosomal recessive	Kooikerhondje Shetland Sheepdog
XLHN (X-linked hereditary nephritis - information coming soon)	X-linked	Samoyed
XLPRA (X-linked progressive retinal atrophy type 1 - information coming soon)	X-linked	Samoyed

The Kennel Club, in partnership with Weatherbys, offers a range of DNA test for a number of different breed. Find out more information about our CombiBreed packages.

Alternatively, The Kennel Club also records results for some of the tests offered by the laboratories listed below.

Find out which laboratories offer DNA tests for your breed, please look at the health section of your breed's entry on our Breeds A to Z.

UK laboratories

• Animal DNA Diagnostics (UK)
• Animal Genetics (UK)
• Canine Genetic Testing (UK)
• Laboklin (UK
• Pet Genetics Lab (UK)
• Pinmoore Animal Laboratory Services (UK)

Overseas laboratories

• Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (France)
• Antagene (France)
• Auburn University (USA)
• Bochum University (Germany)
• Cornell University (USA)
• Embark (USA)
• FERAGEN Genetic Laboratory (Austria and Germany)
• Genetic Technologies Ltd (Animal Network) - Australia
• Genindexe (France)
• Genomia (Czech Republic)
• HealthGene (Canada)
• Hospital for Sick Children (Canada)
• Michigan State University (USA) 
• MyDogDNA (Finland)
• Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (USA)
• Paw Print Genetics (USA)
• PennGEN Laboratories (USA)
• University College, Dublin (Ireland)
• University of Bern (Switzerland)
• University of California - Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory (USA)
• University of Minnesota - Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (USA)
• University of New South Wales (Australia)
• University of Pennsylvania (USA)
• University of Utrecht (Holland)
• Van Haeringen (Holland)
• Veterinary Diagnostics Centre (DDC) (USA)
• VetGen (Paw Print Genetics) (USA)

These testing schemes involve collaboration between The Kennel Club, the breed clubs and the DNA testing facility. Under any one of these schemes, the breeder/owner agrees for the result of their tested dog to be sent independently to The Kennel Club by the testing laboratory. The Kennel Club then notes the result on the dog's record in the registration database, and is published:

• in the next available Breed Records Supplement
• on our Health Test Results Finder

The Kennel Club is happy to consider a club's request to add a new DNA test to its lists and would normally need a formal request from the relevant breed health co-ordinator, or a majority request from the breed clubs. In most cases, the test would need to be run by a laboratory already recognised by The Kennel Club. All DNA tests must be able to record a definitive result for an individual dog, and must be based on robust science. The Kennel Club continues to work alongside breed clubs, breed health co-ordinators and canine health professionals in a collaborative effort to improve the health of pedigree dogs.

The names and results of The Kennel Club's registered dogs that are tested for conditions which are part of The Kennel Club’s official testing schemes will be recorded on The Kennel Club's database and will be made available:

• in the next available Breed Records Supplement
• on our Health Test Results Finder

Statistics on the number of dogs scored by the scheme and their results can be accessed in our DNA testing breed-specific information.